Anxiety disorders represent a significant challenge for millions of young adults across the United States. 

Navigating the complexities of early adulthood—from education and career development to forming relationships and establishing independence—can be particularly daunting when compounded by persistent worry, fear, or panic. 

This anxiety disorder support guide is designed to be a comprehensive resource for young adults experiencing anxiety and their loved ones seeking to understand and provide support. 

We delve into the nature of anxiety disorders, explore their prevalence and impact in the U.S., discuss the critical issue of co-occurring substance use, provide evidence-based guidance for seeking help and managing symptoms, and offer an extensive list of resources for support and treatment. 

We want to empower you with knowledge, connect you with help, and foster hope for recovery and a fulfilling life beyond anxiety.

US Anxiety Statistics and Trends

General Prevalence

• According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), an estimated 19.1% of U.S. adults had any anxiety disorder in the past year.
  
• Anxiety disorders affect approximately 40 million adults (19.1% of the population) age 18 and older every year, making them the most common mental illness in the United States.
  
• An estimated 31.1% of U.S. adults experience any anxiety disorder at some time in their lives.
  
• Only 36.9% of those suffering from anxiety disorders receive treatment.

Trends in Anxiety

• According to the American Pychiatric Association (APA), 2024, 43% of adults say they feel more anxious than they did the previous year, up from 37% in 2023 and 32% in 2022.
  
• Adults are particularly anxious about current events (70%) — especially the economy (77%), the 2024 U.S. election (73%), and gun violence (69%).
  
• From April 30 to May 27, 2024, approximately 17.6% of US adults reported symptoms of anxiety disorder in the past two weeks.

Age-Specific Statistics

• The past year’s prevalence of any anxiety disorder is highest among adults aged 18-29 years (22.3%), followed by 30-44 years (22.7%), 45-59 years (20.6%), and 60+ years (9.0%).
  
• For those struggling with mental illness, about 50% of individuals started to have symptoms by the age of 14, and 75% experienced symptoms by age 24.
  
• Anxiety disorders affect 31.9% of adolescents between 13 and 18 years old.
  
• In 2022, 26.6% of Americans ages 18–29 years reported experiencing anxiety symptoms in the preceding two weeks, making this the adult age group most affected by anxiety.
  
• Younger adults (18-34) are more than twice as likely as older adults (50+) to have talked with a mental health care professional in the past year.

Gender Differences

• 2024’s prevalence of any anxiety disorder was higher for females (23.4%) than for males (14.3%).
  
• Women are twice as likely to be affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder as men.
  
• Women are twice as likely to be affected by Specific Phobias than men.
  
• Women are five times more likely to be affected by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) than men.

Specific Anxiety Disorders

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) affects 6.8 million adults or 3.1% of the U.S. population, yet only 43.2% are receiving treatment.
  
• Panic Disorder (PD) affects 6 million adults or 2.7% of the U.S. population.
  
• Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) affects 15 million adults or 7.1% of the U.S. population and typically begins around age 13.
  
• Specific phobias affect 19.3 million adult, or 9.1% of the U.S. population.
  
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects 7.7 million adults or 3.6% of the U.S. population.
  
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) affects 2.5 million adults or 1.2% of the U.S. population.

Impact and Treatment

• People with an anxiety disorder are 3-5 times more likely to go to the doctor and 6 times more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric disorders than those who do not suffer from anxiety disorders.
  
• When asked about lifestyle factors impacting mental health, adults most commonly say stress (53%) and sleep (40%) have the biggest impact on their mental health.
  
• Despite the increasing anxiety, most adults have not sought professional mental health support. In 2024, just one in four (24%) adults say they talked with a mental health care professional in the past year.
  
• Among adults who have used mental health care this year, more than half prefer to meet with a mental health professional in person (55%) rather than via telehealth; 30% prefer telehealth; and 15% have no preference.
  
• Americans perceive broad impacts of untreated mental illness: 83% of adults say it negatively impacts family, and 65% say it negatively impacts the U.S. economy.
  
• More than half of adults (55%) think there is less mental health stigma than 10 years ago.

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by excessive fear, worry, and related behavioral disturbances. 

While occasional anxiety is a normal part of life, anxiety disorders involve persistent and intense anxiety that can worsen over time and interfere with daily activities. 

Below are the main types of anxiety disorders recognized by mental health professionals.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various things—even ordinary, routine issues. 

People with GAD:

• Experience persistent worry that is difficult to control
• Worry about everyday matters such as health, work, family, or finances
• Often anticipate disaster or worst-case scenarios
• May have physical symptoms such as restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, and sleep problems
• Have anxiety that is out of proportion to the actual likelihood or impact of the anticipated event

GAD affects 6.8 million adults or 3.1% of the U.S. population, yet only 43.2% are receiving treatment. Women are twice as likely to be affected as men.

Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear that trigger severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause. 

People with panic disorder:

• Experience sudden and repeated attacks of intense fear
• Feel out of control during a panic attack
• Have intense worries about when the next attack will happen
• Fear or avoid places where panic attacks have occurred in the past
• May experience physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress

Panic Disorder affects 6 million adults or 2.7% of the U.S. population, with women twice as likely to be affected as men.

Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)

Social Anxiety Disorder involves high levels of anxiety, fear, and avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others. 

People with social anxiety disorder:

• Fear of being negatively evaluated or rejected in social situations
• Worry about embarrassing or humiliating themselves
• Avoid social situations or endure them with intense anxiety or distress
• May experience physical symptoms such as blushing, sweating, trembling, or nausea in social settings
• Often recognize their fear is excessive or unreasonable, but feel powerless to control it

Social Anxiety Disorder affects 15 million adults or 7.1% of the U.S. population. It is equally common among men and women and typically begins around age 13.

Specific Phobias

Specific Phobias involve marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety. 

People with specific phobias:

• Have an intense, irrational fear of something that poses little or no actual danger
• Actively avoid the feared object or situation
• Experience immediate anxiety upon exposure to the feared object or situation
• Endure unavoidable objects or situations with intense distress
• Have fears that interfere with normal functioning

Specific phobias affect 19.3 million adults, or 9.1% of the U.S. population, with women twice as likely to be affected than men. Symptoms typically begin in childhood, with the average age of onset being 7 years old.

Agoraphobia

Agoraphobia is the fear and avoidance of places, situations, or events where escape might be difficult or help might not be available in the event of panic symptoms. 

People with agoraphobia:

• Fear of being in open spaces, enclosed places, standing in line, or being in a crowd
• Fear of using public transportation or being outside of the home alone
• Avoid these situations or endure them with marked distress
• May require a companion to accompany them in feared situations
• In severe cases, clients may become completely housebound

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Separation Anxiety Disorder involves excessive fear or anxiety about separation from attachment figures. While common in children, it can also affect adults. 

People with separation anxiety disorder:

• Fear of being away from home or loved ones
• Worry about harm coming to attachment figures
• Experience distress when separated from attachment figures
• Have nightmares about separation
• May experience physical symptoms when separation occurs or is anticipated

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

While now classified separately from anxiety disorders in the DSM-5, OCD is closely related and often co-occurs with anxiety disorders. OCD involves unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). 

People with OCD:

• Experience intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that trigger distressing feelings
• Engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing a feared event
• Recognize that their obsessions and compulsions are excessive or unreasonable
• Spend at least one hour per day on these thoughts and behaviors

OCD affects 2.5 million adults or 1.2% of the U.S. population, with women three times more likely to be affected than men.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Like OCD, PTSD is now classified separately but is closely related to anxiety disorders. PTSD develops after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. 

People with PTSD:

• Re-experience the trauma through flashbacks, nightmares, or intrusive memories
• Avoid reminders of the trauma
• Experience negative changes in thinking and mood
• Have increased arousal and reactivity (being easily startled, feeling tense)
• May have difficulty sleeping or concentrating

PTSD affects 7.7 million adults or 3.6% of the U.S. population, with women five times more likely to be affected than men.

Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder

This disorder involves prominent anxiety symptoms that develop during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication. 

The symptoms:

• Are directly attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
• Causes significant distress or impairment in functioning
• May include panic attacks, generalized anxiety, or phobic symptoms

Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

This disorder involves prominent anxiety symptoms that are the direct physiological consequence of another medical condition. 

Common medical conditions that can cause anxiety symptoms include:

• Thyroid disorders (hyperthyroidism)
• Respiratory conditions (COPD, asthma)
• Cardiovascular conditions
• Neurological conditions
• Endocrine disorders

Dual Diagnosis: Substance Abuse and Anxiety

Dual diagnosis refers to the co-occurrence of a substance use disorder and a mental health disorder, such as anxiety. 

Key points about this relationship include:

• Approximately 15-30% of people with anxiety disorders also have substance use disorders
• Substances may be used as self-medication to relieve anxiety symptoms
• Substance use can worsen anxiety symptoms over time
• Withdrawal from substances can trigger or exacerbate anxiety
• Treatment is more complex and requires addressing both conditions simultaneously
• Integrated treatment approaches show better outcomes than treating each condition separately
• Certain substances are particularly associated with anxiety:
  • Alcohol (initially reduces anxiety but increases it during withdrawal)
  • Caffeine (can trigger or worsen anxiety symptoms)
  • Cannabis (can reduce or increase anxiety, depending on the individual and dosage)
  • Stimulants (cocaine, amphetamines can induce anxiety-like symptoms)
  • Benzodiazepines (can lead to dependence and worsened anxiety upon withdrawal)

Other Specified and Unspecified Anxiety Disorders

These categories include anxiety symptoms that cause significant distress or impairment but do not meet the full criteria for any of the specific anxiety disorders. 

They may include:

• Mixed anxiety symptoms
• Cultural syndromes related to anxiety
• Anxiety symptoms with atypical presentations

Dual Diagnosis: Understanding the Complex Relationship Between Anxiety Disorders and Substance Use

The Intersection of Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders

Dual diagnosis, also known as co-occurring disorders, refers to the presence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder simultaneously. 

When anxiety disorders and substance use disorders co-occur, they create a complex clinical picture that requires specialized understanding and treatment approaches. 

This intersection is particularly relevant for young adults, who face unique developmental challenges while navigating both conditions.

The relationship between anxiety disorders and substance use is bidirectional and multifaceted. For many individuals, anxiety symptoms emerge first, leading to substance use as a form of self-medication. 

For others, substance use precedes the development of anxiety, with substances either directly triggering anxiety symptoms or creating life circumstances that contribute to anxiety. 

Understanding this complex relationship is essential for effective treatment and recovery.

Prevalence and Impact

The co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and substance use disorders is strikingly common. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), approximately 9.2 million adults in the United States experience both mental illness and a substance use disorder. 

Among these individuals, anxiety disorders represent one of the most common co-occurring conditions with substance use.

Young adults (ages 18-25) show particularly high rates of this dual diagnosis, with studies indicating that up to 30-40% of those seeking treatment for substance use disorders also meet criteria for an anxiety disorder. 

This age group faces unique vulnerabilities as they navigate major life transitions, identity formation, and increasing independence, all while potentially managing symptoms of both conditions.

The impact of this dual diagnosis extends far beyond the sum of each disorder. When anxiety and substance use co-occur, they tend to:

• Amplify each other’s symptoms, creating a vicious cycle of increasing severity
• Complicate diagnosis, as symptoms of one condition may mask or mimic the other
• Reduce treatment effectiveness when only one condition is addressed
• Increase the risk of relapse in both conditions
• Lead to poorer overall functioning and quality of life
• Create greater barriers to seeking and maintaining treatment
• Result in more severe health consequences and higher healthcare utilization

For young adults specifically, this dual diagnosis can derail educational pursuits, career development, relationship formation, and the establishment of healthy independent living—all critical developmental tasks of this life stage.

The Self-Medication Hypothesis

One of the most widely recognized explanations for the high co-occurrence of anxiety and substance use disorders is the self-medication hypothesis. 

This theory suggests that individuals use substances to alleviate or manage uncomfortable psychological states, including anxiety symptoms.

For those with anxiety disorders, certain substances may temporarily reduce symptoms, creating a powerful reinforcement cycle. For example:

Alcohol, despite being a depressant, initially produces calming effects by enhancing the activity of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces nervous system activity. 

For someone with social anxiety disorder, alcohol may temporarily reduce fear in social situations, making interactions feel more manageable. 

However, as alcohol wears off, anxiety often returns more intensely—a phenomenon known as “rebound anxiety”—leading to increased consumption to maintain relief.

Similarly, individuals with panic disorder may use benzodiazepines (either prescribed or obtained illicitly) to prevent or manage panic attacks. 

While effective in the short term, tolerance develops quickly, requiring increasing doses to achieve the same effect and potentially leading to dependence.

Cannabis use is particularly common among young adults with anxiety disorders. Some report that cannabis helps reduce anxiety symptoms, though research shows mixed effects, with some individuals experiencing anxiety reduction and others experiencing heightened anxiety or even panic attacks, particularly with high-THC strains.

The self-medication pattern creates a particularly challenging treatment scenario, as removing the substance without addressing the underlying anxiety can lead to intensified psychological distress and high rates of relapse.

The Importance of Comprehensive Treatment Centers

For individuals with severe anxiety disorders or those with co-occurring conditions like substance use disorders, comprehensive treatment centers can provide the intensive, multidisciplinary care needed for recovery. 

These centers offer structured environments where individuals can focus entirely on healing, away from the stressors and triggers of everyday life.

Treatment centers typically provide a range of evidence-based therapies, including individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy, and medication management. 

Many also incorporate complementary approaches such as mindfulness practices, exercise, nutrition counseling, and creative therapies. This holistic approach addresses not only the symptoms of anxiety but also the underlying factors contributing to it and the various ways it impacts life.

The benefits of treatment centers include:

• Intensive, focused care: Daily therapy sessions and structured activities provide the opportunity for rapid progress in a condensed timeframe.
• Comprehensive assessment: Thorough evaluation helps identify all contributing factors and co-occurring conditions that might be complicating recovery.
• Multidisciplinary treatment team: Access to various specialists ensures all aspects of health—mental, physical, and social—are addressed.
• Peer support: Connecting with others who understand the challenges of anxiety can reduce isolation and provide hope and encouragement.
• Skill development: Intensive practice of coping skills in a supportive environment helps solidify these tools for use in everyday life.
• Smooth transition: Many programs offer step-down options and aftercare planning to support continued recovery after the intensive treatment phase.

For those with dual diagnosis (co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders), specialized treatment centers are particularly valuable. 

These programs understand the complex interaction between anxiety and substance use and provide integrated treatment addressing both conditions simultaneously, which research shows leads to better outcomes than treating each condition separately.

Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches

Research consistently shows that integrated treatment—addressing both anxiety and substance use disorders simultaneously—produces better outcomes than sequential or parallel treatment approaches. 

Effective integrated treatment for young adults with co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders includes:

Integrated Assessment

Comprehensive assessment should evaluate:

• The full range of anxiety symptoms and their relationship to substance use
• The function of substance use in managing anxiety
• The impact of each condition on the other
• Readiness for change regarding both conditions
• Strengths and resources that can support recovery

Pharmacological Approaches

Medication for addiction treatment (MAT) may be appropriate for certain substance use disorders. MAT requires careful consideration of abuse potential and interactions with substances:

• SSRIs and SNRIs are generally first-line medications for anxiety disorders with co-occurring substance use, as they have minimal abuse potential
• Buspirone may be helpful for generalized anxiety with co-occurring alcohol use disorder
• Prazosin shows promise for PTSD-related nightmares in those with co-occurring substance use
• Benzodiazepines are generally avoided due to their high abuse potential and dangerous interactions with substances like alcohol and opioids

Psychotherapeutic Approaches

Several evidence-based psychotherapies have been adapted for co-occurring disorders:

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for co-occurring disorders addresses both the thoughts and behaviors that maintain anxiety and substance use
  
• Dialectical Behavior Therapy helps develop emotional regulation skills that address both conditions
  
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy focuses on psychological flexibility and value-directed behavior despite uncomfortable internal experiences
  
• Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention integrates mindfulness practices with relapse prevention strategies
  
• Seeking Safety is a present-focused therapy addressing both trauma and substance abuse

Self-Help Strategies to Complement Professional Treatment

While professional treatment is essential for managing anxiety disorders, various self-help strategies can complement therapy and medication, enhancing overall outcomes. 

These approaches can help you take an active role in your recovery and develop skills for long-term anxiety management.

Mindfulness and Meditation

Mindfulness involves paying attention to the present moment with curiosity and without judgment. Regular mindfulness practice has been shown to reduce anxiety by helping individuals observe their thoughts without becoming entangled in them. Even brief daily practices of 5-10 minutes can produce meaningful benefits over time.

Various apps and online resources (several listed in the resources section) offer guided mindfulness exercises specifically designed for anxiety. These can be particularly helpful for beginners or during periods of heightened anxiety when self-guided practice is challenging.

Regular Physical Exercise

Exercise is one of the most effective natural anti-anxiety treatments. Physical activity increases endorphins, improves sleep, enhances self-confidence, and provides a healthy outlet for excess energy and tension. Even moderate exercise, such as a brisk 30-minute walk, can significantly reduce anxiety symptoms.

Finding activities you enjoy increases the likelihood of maintaining a regular exercise routine. Consider walking, swimming, dancing, yoga, or team sports—whatever feels accessible and pleasurable for you. The goal is consistency rather than intensity.

Healthy Sleep Habits

Anxiety and sleep problems often form a bidirectional relationship, with each exacerbating the other. Prioritizing good sleep hygiene can help break this cycle. Establish a consistent sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, limit screen time before bed, ensure your sleep environment is comfortable, and avoid caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime.

If sleep problems persist despite these measures, discuss them with your healthcare provider, as they may recommend specific interventions for sleep, which can significantly improve anxiety symptoms.

Nutrition and Hydration

What you eat and drink can impact anxiety levels. Limit or avoid caffeine, alcohol, and highly processed foods, which can exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Instead, focus on a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Stay well-hydrated, as even mild dehydration can affect mood and energy levels.

Some individuals find that specific dietary approaches, such as reducing sugar intake or incorporating anti-inflammatory foods, help manage their anxiety. Pay attention to how different foods affect your symptoms and adjust accordingly.

Stress Management Techniques

Developing a toolkit of stress management techniques provides options for different situations and preferences. Deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, guided imagery, and grounding techniques can all help reduce anxiety in the moment. Regular practice of these skills when you’re relatively calm helps make them more effective during high-anxiety periods.

Journaling

Writing about your thoughts, feelings, and experiences can help process emotions, identify patterns in your anxiety, and gain perspective. Consider keeping a daily anxiety journal, noting triggers, symptoms, coping strategies used, and their effectiveness. This information can be valuable both for your own self-awareness and to share with your treatment provider.

Setting Boundaries

Learning to set healthy boundaries in relationships and commitments is essential for managing anxiety. This includes saying no when necessary, asking for help when needed, and creating space for self-care. While setting boundaries can initially increase anxiety, especially for those with social anxiety or people-pleasing tendencies, it ultimately reduces stress and builds self-respect.

Supporting a Loved One with Anxiety

If someone you care about is struggling with anxiety, your support can make a significant difference in their recovery journey. Here are ways to provide effective support while also maintaining your own wellbeing:

Educate Yourself

Learning about anxiety disorders helps you understand what your loved one is experiencing and how best to support them. Read reputable sources, attend family education sessions if available, and consider joining support groups for families and friends of those with anxiety disorders. The more you understand, the better equipped you’ll be to provide meaningful support.

Listen Without Judgment

One of the most valuable things you can offer is compassionate listening. Create space for your loved one to express their feelings without fear of judgment, dismissal, or unwanted advice. Validate their experience with statements like, “That sounds really difficult” or “I can see how much this is affecting you.” Avoid minimizing their feelings with phrases like “just relax” or “don’t worry so much.”

Encourage Professional Help

If your loved one hasn’t sought professional help, gently encourage them to do so. Offer practical assistance, such as researching providers, helping with insurance questions, or accompanying them to initial appointments if they’d find that helpful. Respect their autonomy in making treatment decisions while expressing your support for their seeking help.

Support Their Treatment

Once your loved one is in treatment, support their engagement with the process. This might include providing transportation to appointments, creating space for them to practice new skills, or simply checking in about how treatment is going. Follow their lead regarding how much they want to share about their therapy.

Learn Their Triggers and Coping Strategies

Understanding what triggers your loved one’s anxiety and what helps them cope allows you to provide more targeted support. Ask them what they find helpful during anxious periods—whether it’s distraction, quiet companionship, help with breathing exercises, or something else entirely. Different strategies work for different people and situations.

Celebrate Progress

Recovery from anxiety is rarely linear, with good days and difficult days along the way. Acknowledge and celebrate progress, no matter how small it might seem. Recognizing improvements reinforces positive change and provides encouragement during challenging times.

Set Boundaries and Practice Self-Care

Supporting someone with anxiety can be emotionally demanding. Set healthy boundaries to prevent burnout and maintain your own wellbeing. This includes recognizing what you can and cannot do, taking breaks when needed, and seeking your own support through friends, therapy, or support groups for families of those with mental health conditions.

Be Patient

Recovery takes time, and setbacks are a normal part of the process. Patience and consistent support are invaluable gifts you can offer your loved one. Remember that anxiety disorders are medical conditions, not choices or character flaws, and recovery rarely follows a straight line.

Special Considerations for Young Adults

Young adults with co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders face unique challenges and require tailored approaches.

Developmental Considerations

Treatment must account for ongoing brain development, identity formation, and the establishment of independence. 

Approaches should:

• Recognize that risk-taking and peer influence are developmentally normal but can complicate recovery
• Address emerging adult responsibilities and life skills
• Support healthy identity development separate from substance use
• Engage family appropriately while respecting growing autonomy

Educational and Vocational Support

For many young adults, educational and career development are primary concerns:

• Supported education programs can help maintain academic progress during treatment
• Vocational counseling can address anxiety about career choices and workplace interactions
• Disclosure coaching helps navigate decisions about sharing mental health and substance use history

Peer Relationships

Peer relationships are particularly influential during young adulthood:

• Treatment should address social anxiety that may impede the formation of healthy relationships
• Developing substance-free social networks is crucial for sustained recovery
• Peer support from others in recovery can be especially powerful

Technology Integration

Young adults typically respond well to technology-enhanced treatment:

• Mobile applications for anxiety management and recovery support
• Telehealth options for increased accessibility
• Online support communities
• Digital tools for symptom monitoring and skill practice

Prevention and Early Intervention

Given the significant impact of co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders, prevention and early intervention are critical, particularly for young adults:

Risk Identification

Screening for anxiety disorders should be routine in substance use treatment settings, and vice versa. Early warning signs include:

• Using substances specifically to manage anxiety symptoms
• Increasing substance use in anxiety-provoking situations
• Withdrawal from previously enjoyed activities
• Declining academic or work performance
• Changes in sleep patterns
• Increasing isolation

Targeted Prevention Programs

Prevention programs specifically designed for those at risk for co-occurring disorders show promise:

• Anxiety sensitivity interventions that help individuals become more comfortable with the physical sensations of anxiety
• Stress management and emotional regulation skill development
• Substance refusal skills combined with anxiety management techniques
• Psychoeducation about the relationship between anxiety and substance use

Brief Interventions

Brief interventions can be effective for young adults showing early signs of co-occurring disorders:

• Motivational interviewing to explore ambivalence about substance use and anxiety management
• Brief cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting both anxiety and substance use
• Skills training in anxiety management and substance refusal

The Path Forward: Recovery and Resilience

Recovery from co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders is not merely the absence of symptoms but the development of a fulfilling life despite challenges. For young adults, this includes:

• Building a strong identity separate from either disorder
• Developing healthy coping strategies for managing anxiety without substances
• Creating meaningful connections and relationships
• Pursuing educational and career goals
• Contributing to the community and finding purpose
• Practicing ongoing self-care and wellness

With appropriate integrated treatment, young adults with co-occurring anxiety and substance use disorders can not only recover but also develop significant resilience that serves them throughout life. 

The journey may be challenging, but with proper support and evidence-based approaches, lasting recovery and wellbeing are achievable goals.

External Support Resources for Anxiety Disorders

National Organizations

Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) – A nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention, treatment, and cure of anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, and co-occurring disorders through education, practice, and research.

National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) – The nation’s largest grassroots mental health organization dedicated to building better lives for Americans affected by mental illness, including anxiety disorders.

Mental Health America (MHA) – A community-based nonprofit dedicated to addressing the needs of those living with mental illness and promoting overall mental health, with specific resources for anxiety disorders.

American Psychological Association (APA) – The leading scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, offering evidence-based resources on anxiety disorders.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) – The lead federal agency for research on mental disorders, providing science-based information on anxiety disorders and treatment options.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) – A federal agency that leads public health efforts to advance behavioral health and provides resources for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.

Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada (ADAC) – A national registered charity dedicated to increasing awareness and providing education and support to those affected by anxiety disorders.

International OCD Foundation (IOCDF) – A nonprofit organization aimed at helping those affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders, including anxiety disorders.

Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) – An organization committed to advancing scientific approaches to understanding and improving human functioning, including anxiety disorders.

Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) – A peer-directed national organization focusing on depression and bipolar disorder, with resources for co-occurring anxiety disorders.

Crisis Helplines and Text Services

988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline – A national network providing free and confidential emotional support to people in suicidal crisis or emotional distress, including anxiety, 24/7.

Crisis Text Line – Text HOME to 741741 for free, 24/7 crisis counseling via text message, including support for anxiety and panic attacks.

NAMI HelpLine – Call 1-800-950-NAMI (6264) for information, resource referrals, and support for people living with mental health conditions and their family members.

SAMHSA’s National Helpline – Call 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for a free, confidential, 24/7 treatment referral and information service for individuals and families facing mental health and/or substance use disorders.

Disaster Distress Helpline – Call or text 1-800-985-5990 to connect with crisis counselors who provide immediate crisis counseling for people experiencing emotional distress related to disasters or traumatic events.

Veterans Crisis Line – Call 988 then press 1, text 838255, or chat online for confidential support for veterans, service members, National Guard and Reserve members, and their family members and friends.

The Trevor Project – Call 1-866-488-7386 for crisis intervention and suicide prevention services for LGBTQ+ young people under 25, including those experiencing anxiety.

National Domestic Violence Hotline – Call 1-800-799-SAFE (7233) for support, crisis intervention, and referrals for those experiencing domestic violence, which often co-occurs with anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders Association of America Helpline – Information and referral service for anxiety disorders, providing resources and support for individuals seeking treatment.

Panic Disorder Information Hotline – Information service provided by NIMH offering resources and guidance for those experiencing panic disorder.

Online Support Communities

ADAA Online Support Group – Free, anonymous peer-to-peer online support group for individuals and their families dealing with anxiety and depression.

7 Cups – An online emotional support service that connects individuals with trained listeners for free, anonymous conversations about anxiety and other mental health concerns.

HealthUnlocked Anxiety Support – A social network for health where people find support from others with similar health backgrounds, including anxiety disorders.

Mental Health America Online Support Community – A free online community where people can connect with others who understand what they’re going through with anxiety and other mental health conditions.

Reddit r/Anxiety – A supportive community dedicated to anxiety disorders where members can share experiences and coping strategies.

Anxiety Support Group on Facebook – A closed group offering peer support for those dealing with anxiety disorders.

Anxiety and Depression Support – Psych Central – Online forums focused on anxiety and panic disorders, providing peer support and information sharing.

The Mighty’s Anxiety Community – A digital health community created to empower and connect people facing health challenges and disabilities, with a specific section for anxiety.

Turn2Me Anxiety Support Group – Free online support groups facilitated by mental health professionals for those experiencing anxiety.

Anxiety Tribe – An online community dedicated to supporting individuals with anxiety disorders through forums, blogs, and resources.

Mobile Apps for Anxiety Management

Calm – An app for meditation, sleep, and relaxation, with specific anxiety-reduction programs.

Headspace – A meditation and mindfulness app with guided sessions for managing stress, anxiety, and improving overall mental wellbeing.

Insight Timer – A free meditation app with thousands of guided meditations specifically for anxiety, stress, and sleep.

MindShift CBT – A free app designed specifically for teens and young adults with anxiety, using scientifically proven strategies based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

Woebot – An AI-powered chatbot that uses CBT principles to help users manage anxiety and depression.

Sanvello – An app offering clinical techniques to help dial down symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression through cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and mood tracking.

Breathe2Relax – A portable stress management tool that provides detailed information on the effects of stress on the body and instructions on diaphragmatic breathing.

PTSD Coach – Designed for veterans and military service members, this app provides education about PTSD, tools for screening and tracking symptoms, and resources for support.

Happify – An app using science-based activities and games to reduce stress, overcome negative thoughts, and build resilience.

Rootd – An app specifically designed to help with panic attacks and anxiety relief, with tools for both immediate panic relief and long-term anxiety management.

Educational Resources and Self-Help

Anxiety Canada – A leader in developing free online, self-help, and evidence-based resources on anxiety and anxiety disorders.

HelpGuide – A nonprofit mental health and wellness website providing evidence-based information on anxiety disorders and strategies for management.

Psychology Today – Comprehensive information on anxiety disorders, symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

Mayo Clinic – Anxiety Disorders – Trusted information on anxiety disorders, including symptoms, causes, risk factors, and treatment.

Harvard Health Publishing – Anxiety Resource Center – Evidence-based articles and resources on anxiety disorders from Harvard Medical School.

Anxiety Resource Center – A nonprofit organization providing education, support, and resources for individuals with anxiety disorders.

Beyond Blue – Australian resource providing information on anxiety, available treatments, and how to help someone experiencing anxiety.

Centre for Clinical Interventions – Anxiety Workbooks – Free workbooks and resources based on CBT principles for various anxiety disorders.

AnxietyUK – Information, resources, and support for those living with anxiety disorders.

MentalHealth.gov – U.S. government website providing information and resources on mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders.

Resources for Dual Diagnosis (Anxiety and Substance Use)

Dual Diagnosis.org – A comprehensive resource for information on co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.

National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) – Dual Diagnosis – Information and resources specifically for those dealing with both mental health and substance use disorders.

SAMHSA’s Co-occurring Disorders – Federal resources for understanding and treating co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders.

Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation – Educational resources on co-occurring disorders from a leading nonprofit treatment provider.

Dual Recovery Anonymous – A 12-step fellowship for people with dual diagnosis, focusing on both mental health and substance use recovery.

Foundations Recovery Network – Educational resources on integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders.

The Recovery Village – Dual Diagnosis Resources – Information on the relationship between mental health disorders and addiction.

American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) – Professional society representing physicians and other professionals dedicated to improving addiction treatment, with resources on co-occurring disorders.

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Comorbidity – Research-based information on the comorbidity of substance use disorders and mental illnesses.

Anxiety and Depression Association of America – Substance Use – Resources specifically addressing the co-occurrence of anxiety disorders and substance use.

Resources for Young Adults

Active Minds – A nonprofit organization supporting mental health awareness and education for students, with chapters at colleges nationwide.

JED Foundation – A nonprofit that protects emotional health and prevents suicide for teens and young adults.

ULifeline – An online resource center for college student mental health, providing information about anxiety disorders and connecting students to their campus resources.

Half of Us – A campaign designed to raise awareness about mental health issues, including anxiety, and connect students to appropriate resources.

Young Minds – UK’s leading charity fighting for children and young people’s mental health, with specific resources for anxiety.

ReachOut.com – Australia’s leading online mental health organization for young people, providing practical support, tools, and tips for anxiety.

Teen Mental Health – Evidence-based resources on various mental health issues affecting teens, including anxiety disorders.

Youth.gov – U.S. government website with resources on youth mental health, including anxiety disorders.

Child Mind Institute – Teen Anxiety – Resources specifically for teens and young adults dealing with anxiety disorders.

Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine – Mental health resources specifically for adolescents and young adults.

Academic and Research Resources

Anxiety and Depression Association of America Research – Information on the latest research in anxiety disorders and depression.

National Institute of Mental Health – Anxiety Disorders Research – Updates on federally funded research on anxiety disorders.

PubMed Central – Anxiety Research – Free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature, with extensive research on anxiety disorders.

Cochrane Library – Anxiety Reviews – Systematic reviews of primary research in human health care and health policy related to anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders Research Network – A collaborative network of researchers focused on anxiety disorders.

Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress – Research and resources on traumatic stress and PTSD.

Anxiety Disorders Research Program at UCLA – Information on ongoing research and clinical trials related to anxiety disorders.

Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders at Boston University – Research center dedicated to advancing knowledge and treatment of anxiety and related disorders.

Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma – Research center focused on understanding and treating anxiety disorders and PTSD.

Fear and Anxiety Disorders Clinic at the University of Texas – Research clinic studying the nature and treatment of anxiety disorders.

Professional Directories and Treatment Locators

Psychology Today Therapist Directory – Searchable directory of therapists specializing in anxiety disorders.

SAMHSA’s Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator – Online tool for finding mental health and substance use treatment facilities across the United States.

Anxiety and Depression Association of America Find a Therapist Directory – Searchable directory of mental health professionals specializing in anxiety disorders.

American Psychological Association Psychologist Locator – Tool to find psychologists by location and specialty, including anxiety disorders.

Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies Find a CBT Therapist – Directory of certified cognitive-behavioral therapists, many specializing in anxiety disorders.

International OCD Foundation Find Help – Resource for finding therapists specializing in OCD and related anxiety disorders.

National Center for PTSD – Find a Therapist – Resources for finding treatment for PTSD and trauma-related anxiety.

Medicare Physician Compare – Tool to find and compare physicians, including psychiatrists who treat anxiety disorders, that accept Medicare.

Open Path Psychotherapy Collective – Nonprofit network of mental health professionals providing reduced-rate sessions to individuals with financial need.

Anxiety UK Therapist Directory – UK-based directory of therapists specializing in anxiety disorders.

Specialized Resources for Specific Anxiety Disorders

International OCD Foundation – Comprehensive resources for OCD and related disorders, including information, support groups, and treatment referrals.

Social Anxiety Association – Information and resources specifically for social anxiety disorder.

Agoraphobia Resource Center – Educational resources and support for those dealing with agoraphobia.

National Center for PTSD – Comprehensive information on PTSD, including symptoms, treatment options, and coping strategies.

Panic and Anxiety Disorder Association – Resources specifically for panic disorder and panic attacks.

Specific Phobias Resource Center – Information and resources for various specific phobias.

GAD Information Center – Resources specifically for generalized anxiety disorder from NIMH.

Separation Anxiety Resource Center – Information and resources for separation anxiety disorder.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder Foundation – Resources for body dysmorphic disorder, which often co-occurs with anxiety disorders.

Trichotillomania Learning Center (TLC) Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors – Resources for trichotillomania and related disorders that often co-occur with anxiety.

Workplace and School Resources

Job Accommodation Network – Anxiety Disorders – Information about workplace accommodations for individuals with anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders at Work – Resources from the American Psychiatric Association Foundation’s Center for Workplace Mental Health.

National Education Association – Mental Health Resources – Resources for educators to support students with mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders.

Campus Mind Works – Resources to help college students with mental health issues, including anxiety, succeed in school.

Anxiety at School – Child Mind Institute’s guide to managing anxiety in school.

Students with Anxiety: Implications for Professionals – Resources from the National Association of School Psychologists.

Accommodations for Students with Anxiety – Information on educational accommodations for students with anxiety disorders.

Mental Health America Workplace Mental Health – Resources for addressing mental health, including anxiety, in the workplace.

Center for Workplace Mental Health – Resources to help employers create mentally healthy workplaces and support employees with mental health conditions.

Heads Up – Workplace Mental Health – Australian resource providing information for creating mentally healthy workplaces.

Additional Support Resources

National Federation of Families – A national family-run organization linking more than 120 chapters and state organizations focused on the issues of children and youth with emotional, behavioral, or mental health needs.

Mental Health First Aid – Training program that teaches participants how to identify, understand, and respond to signs of mental health challenges, including anxiety disorders.

Families for Depression Awareness – Resources for families dealing with depression and related disorders, including anxiety.

Anxiety Resource Center, Inc. – A nonprofit organization providing support groups, education, and resources for people with anxiety disorders.

No Panic – UK charity offering support for those living with anxiety disorders, including a helpline, recovery programs, and resources.

Anxiety UK – UK charity providing information, support, and therapy for anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Canada – Canadian nonprofit providing self-help resources, online courses, and an anxiety management app.

Beyond Blue – Australian organization providing information, support, and resources for anxiety, depression, and suicide prevention.

SANE Australia – Australian organization providing support, research, and advocacy for people affected by complex mental health issues, including anxiety disorders.

Mind (UK) – Mental health charity offering information, advice, and support for anyone experiencing mental health problems, including anxiety disorders.

Guidance for Individuals and Loved Ones

Living with an anxiety disorder can feel overwhelming, isolating, and at times, insurmountable. The persistent worry, fear, and physical symptoms can disrupt every aspect of life—from relationships and work performance to basic daily activities and overall wellbeing. 

If you’re experiencing anxiety, it’s crucial to understand that you’re not alone. Anxiety disorders are highly treatable, though only about one-third of those suffering receive appropriate treatment.

The journey toward managing anxiety begins with recognition and understanding. Anxiety manifests differently for each person, but common symptoms include persistent worry, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, and various physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, or gastrointestinal issues. 

For many, these symptoms can be so severe that they significantly impair daily functioning and quality of life.

It’s important to recognize that anxiety disorders are not simply a matter of “worrying too much” or something that can be overcome through willpower alone. They are complex conditions influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. 

Understanding this can help reduce self-blame and stigma, opening the door to effective treatment and recovery.

Taking the First Step: Seeking Professional Help

One of the most crucial steps in addressing anxiety is seeking professional help. While this step can feel daunting, it’s often the beginning of significant relief and improved quality of life. 

Mental health professionals, including psychiatrists, psychologists, licensed clinical social workers, and counselors, are trained to diagnose anxiety disorders and develop personalized treatment plans.

The assessment process typically involves discussing your symptoms, medical history, life circumstances, and family history. This comprehensive evaluation helps determine the specific type of anxiety disorder you may be experiencing and any co-occurring conditions, such as depression or substance use disorders. 

A thorough assessment is essential for developing an effective treatment plan tailored to your unique needs.

When seeking professional help, it’s important to find a provider who specializes in anxiety disorders and with whom you feel comfortable. The therapeutic relationship is a significant factor in treatment success, so don’t hesitate to meet with several providers before deciding who is the best fit for you. 

Many of the resources listed in this guide can help you locate qualified mental health professionals in your area who specialize in anxiety disorders.

The Journey Forward: Hope and Recovery

Living with an anxiety disorder can be challenging, but with appropriate treatment and support, recovery is not only possible but expected. Recovery doesn’t necessarily mean complete absence of anxiety—rather, it means developing the skills and resources to manage anxiety effectively so that it no longer controls or significantly impairs your life.

The journey toward recovery is unique for each person, influenced by factors such as the specific anxiety disorder, its severity, co-occurring conditions, available resources, and individual circumstances. 

Some people experience significant improvement within weeks or months of beginning treatment, while others may need longer-term support to achieve their goals.

Throughout this journey, maintaining hope is essential. Research consistently shows that the expectation of improvement is a factor in treatment success. 

Remember that thousands of people recover from anxiety disorders every year, going on to lead fulfilling lives with meaningful relationships, satisfying work, and joy.

As you move forward, consider these principles for sustained wellbeing:

• Practice self-compassion: Treat yourself with the same kindness and understanding you would offer a good friend facing similar challenges.
• Embrace imperfection: Recovery isn’t about perfection but about progress and learning from setbacks when they occur.
• Build meaning and purpose: Engaging in activities aligned with your values provides motivation and fulfillment beyond symptom management.
• Maintain connection: Nurture relationships that provide support, understanding, and joy.
• Continue learning: Stay curious about new research, approaches, and resources that might enhance your well-being.
• Give back when ready: Many find that sharing their experience and supporting others on similar journeys adds meaning to their own recovery.

Remember that seeking help for anxiety is a sign of courage, not weakness. By taking steps to address your anxiety, you’re investing in your health, relationships, and future. 

The resources provided in this guide offer numerous pathways to support, whether you’re just beginning to explore treatment options or looking to enhance your existing care. 

You deserve to live a life where anxiety no longer limits your potential or diminishes your joy—and with appropriate help and support, that life is within reach.